Witness a murder most foul that changed the course of English history—and inspired centuries of pilgrimage.
If you’re in the mood for political intrigue, medieval drama, and a weekend destination steeped in history, Canterbury on December 29, 1170, is the place to be. It’s here, in the heart of England’s most revered cathedral, that four of King Henry II’s knights carried out one of the most infamous murders in history: the assassination of Archbishop Thomas Becket.
This dark chapter sparked outrage across Christendom, turned Becket into a martyr, and transformed Canterbury into one of Europe’s most important pilgrimage sites. Time travellers seeking high drama and historical significance will find plenty to explore in this storied city.
Why Visit Canterbury in December 1170?
Canterbury in the late 12th century is a thriving ecclesiastical centre and a microcosm of medieval England. Its bustling streets are lined with timber-framed houses, and the cathedral is a masterpiece of Romanesque architecture (with a few Gothic touches emerging). Amid this grandeur, a murder that shocked the world unfolds, offering a front-row seat to a pivotal moment in history.
When to Go: December 28–30, 1170
Arrive the day before to soak in the city’s pre-murder atmosphere and perhaps catch a glimpse of Thomas Becket himself. Stay through December 30th to witness the aftermath and the immediate reverence for the fallen archbishop.
Where to Stay
1. A Monastic Guesthouse
Stay with the monks at the nearby abbey for an immersive medieval experience. Expect simple meals, shared quarters, and plenty of prayer.
2. An Inn Near the Cathedral
For a more bustling experience, book a room at a local inn. It’s a lively option filled with traders, pilgrims, and gossip about the shocking events at the cathedral.
What to Do
1. Witness History in the Making
On December 29th, head to Canterbury Cathedral, where tensions between King Henry II and Archbishop Thomas Becket reach their fatal climax. Becket’s defiance of royal authority leads four knights—Reginald FitzUrse, Hugh de Morville, William de Tracy, and Richard le Breton—to strike him down near the altar.
2. Explore Canterbury Cathedral
Marvel at the grandeur of one of England’s most iconic religious sites. The Romanesque nave and Gothic choir are architectural wonders, even if the cathedral is destined to gain notoriety from the events of this day.
3. Walk the Medieval Streets
Stroll through Canterbury’s cobbled streets, lined with bustling markets and medieval buildings. The city is alive with chatter, much of it centred on the escalating conflict between church and state.
4. Reflect at the Shrine of Becket (Future Site)
While the shrine won’t exist until Becket is canonised in 1173, the area around the altar is already becoming a place of reverence. Many locals gather here in awe of what has just occurred.
What to Eat
1. Pottage and Bread
Savour a bowl of this hearty medieval staple, made with grains, vegetables, and the occasional scrap of meat. It’s a filling choice on a chilly December day.
2. Spiced Mead
Warm yourself with a cup of spiced mead, a festive drink that pairs perfectly with Canterbury’s winter atmosphere.
3. A Monk’s Dinner
If staying at the abbey, enjoy a simple meal of bread, cheese, and perhaps a small portion of fish. It’s humble yet nourishing fare.
Fun Facts About the Murder of Thomas Becket
- “Will No One Rid Me of This Turbulent Priest?” King Henry II’s frustrated words about Becket (allegedly spoken in a fit of anger) spurred the knights to take matters into their own hands.
- Canonisation in Record Time: Becket was canonised as a saint just three years after his death, and Canterbury Cathedral became a pilgrimage hotspot.
- A Medieval PR Disaster: Henry II’s role in the murder damaged his reputation and led to his public penance at Becket’s tomb in 1174.
- Becket’s Shrine: Built after his canonisation, the shrine drew thousands of pilgrims, inspiring Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales.
Survival Tips for Time Travellers
- Dress Modestly: Blend in with the medieval crowd by wearing simple tunics or cloaks. Extravagant clothing might attract unwanted attention.
- Avoid the Knights: FitzUrse, de Morville, le Breton, and de Tracy aren’t in a good mood. Keep your distance from their swords—and their temperaments.
- Be Respectful: The cathedral is a place of worship. Observe local customs and don’t interrupt prayers or services.
- Plan for Chilly Weather: December in England is cold, so pack warm cloaks and sturdy boots for exploring the city and its surrounds.
Why This Moment Matters
The murder of Thomas Becket was a defining event in the struggle between church and state. It highlighted the tensions between royal authority and ecclesiastical independence, sparking debates that resonate through history. Becket’s death not only elevated him to sainthood but also turned Canterbury into one of the most significant pilgrimage destinations in Europe.
For history students, this event provides a lens through which to explore medieval politics, religion, and society. For time travellers, it’s a chance to witness history’s dramatic twists and turns firsthand.
Want to Know More?
Further Reading:
- Thomas Becket: Warrior, Priest, Rebel by John Guy
- The Plantagenets: The Warrior Kings and Queens Who Made England by Dan Jones
- The Murder of Thomas Becket: Eyewitness Accounts edited by J. C. Robertson
Online Resources:
- Canterbury Cathedral History: www.canterbury-cathedral.org
- BBC History: The Murder of Thomas Becket www.bbc.co.uk/history
Final Thoughts
Canterbury in December 1170 offers more than just a historic cathedral—it’s the stage for one of medieval England’s most dramatic events. Witnessing the murder of Thomas Becket is a chilling yet fascinating glimpse into the power struggles that shaped a nation.
Pack your cloak, your sense of reverence, and your appetite for intrigue. Canterbury—and a murder that changed history—await!
